{"id":83879,"date":"2017-10-24T12:00:08","date_gmt":"2017-10-24T01:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/?p=83879"},"modified":"2017-10-24T18:28:02","modified_gmt":"2017-10-24T07:28:02","slug":"joan-of-arc-burnt-at-stake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/2017\/10\/24\/joan-of-arc-burnt-at-stake\/","title":{"rendered":"Joan of Arc: burnt at the stake for wearing the trousers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollower noopener noreplyer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignright wp-image-83887\" title=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" src=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4.png\" alt=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" width=\"370\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27370%27%20height%3D%27370%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20370%20370%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27370%27%20height%3D%27370%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4-220x220.png 220w, https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-4.png 470w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>In a poem, William Wordsworth called Joan of Arc \u201ca perfect woman\u2026\u201d<\/strong><strong>, Winston Churchill wrote <\/strong><strong>\u201c\u2026she finds no equal in a thousand years<\/strong><strong>\u201d and <\/strong><strong>Mark Twain capped them all with: \u201cBy far the most extraordinary person the human race has ever produced.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>High praise, but just who was she, this Joan of Arc\u2014and what\u2019s her claim to fame? An extraordinary military genius and kingmaker who united France in the Middle Ages\u2014or just a jumped-up, androgynous teenage transvestite who wore the trousers in a world of powerful medieval men?<\/p>\n<p>Well, to help you decide here\u2019s a very brief synopsis of the protracted and convoluted story of her short life.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #d10a26;\">Joan of Arc\u2019s life<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>A long long time ago, in the fifteenth century, <em>Jeanne, <\/em>later to become <em>La <\/em><em>P<\/em><em>ucelle d&#8217;Orl\u00e9<\/em><em>ans,<\/em> had a bevy of divine connections who got in touch with her regularly, it seems.<\/p>\n<p>One day, when talking to them, they suggested that she help Charles VII to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.experienceloire.com\/chinon.htm\">become king of France<\/a>\u2014and get rid of the English while she was about it.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollower noopener noreplyer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignleft wp-image-83886\" title=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27362%27%20height%3D%27547%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20362%20547%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27362%27%20height%3D%27547%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc.jpg\" alt=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" width=\"362\" height=\"547\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>After she\u2019d crowned him king, she became a kind of armoured mascot in the army. Charles then sent her to relieve Orl\u00e9ans against <em>la perfide Albion. <\/em>But she was captured by the Burgundians who were English allies (\u2026you were warned that this would be convoluted\u2026) and eventually handed over to the Bishop of Beauvais. He\u2019d been after her for a while because the Church didn\u2019t like cross dressing peasant girls who spoke directly to saints in heaven.<\/p>\n<p>So, they charged her with witchcraft.<\/p>\n<p>But, this wouldn\u2019t stick because, when they checked, they discovered she was a virgin. This meant, apparently, that she couldn\u2019t be a witch.<\/p>\n<p>So, she was then tried for wearing men\u2019s gear\u2014and condemned to burn for heresy. But, to avoid the stake, she recanted and was simply sent to prison.<\/p>\n<p>Alas, a few days later she was at it again\u2014wearing men\u2019s pants in jail. This relapse was the last straw and she was burned alive in Rouen in 1431.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #d10a26;\">Joan of Arc: hero or enemy?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollower noopener noreplyer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignright wp-image-83884\" title=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27203%27%20height%3D%27280%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20203%20280%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27203%27%20height%3D%27280%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc-2.jpg\" alt=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" width=\"203\" height=\"280\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Today, unfortunately, Joan\u2019s considerable achievements have been hijacked, exploited and mythologised by a hodgepodge of quite opposing factions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>French monarchists used her as a symbol of their support for the king.<\/li>\n<li>Napoleon embraced her as a French nationalist.<\/li>\n<li>The Catholic Church burnt her to death as a heretic.<\/li>\n<li>Then they rehabilitated her\u2014and then canonised her.<\/li>\n<li>So now she lives in heaven.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #d10a26;\">Joan of Arc: political symbol?<\/span><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Joan wore suffragette colours on both sides of the Atlantic when she took up the women\u2019s cause. She brandished the\u00a0Women&#8217;s Social and Political Union\u2019s banner riding through London in the 1928 march, demanding equal voting rights for women.<\/li>\n<li>In World War One, the Allies <a href=\"http:\/\/media.iwm.org.uk\/iwm\/mediaLib\/193\/media-193510\/large.jpg\">used<\/a> her as propaganda to get women to buy war bonds.<\/li>\n<li>During the Nazi occupation, German posters reminded the French about her corrupt trial at the hands of the English\u2014and she appeared on billboards showing the Allied bombing of Rouen with the caption:<br \/>\n<blockquote><p><em>Les assassins reviennent toujours sur les lieux de leur crime.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<li>At the same time, De Gaulle and <em>les maquisards <\/em>were using her C<em>roix de Lorraine<\/em> on the French <em>tricol<\/em><em>ore<\/em> as a representation of French unity.<\/li>\n<li>Petain saw her as the embodiment of Vichyist values. To him, she was Anglophobia, anti-Semitism, and anti-Republicanism all in one person.<\/li>\n<li>Brigitte Bardot, once the sex kitten of French movies\u2014now just a jaded animal rights activist\u2014calls the National Front\u2019s Marine Le Pen \u201cthe Joan of Arc of the 21st century.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>And in brand advertising, Joan likes Kidney Beans, Chilli Beans, and Pinto Beans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollower noopener noreplyer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignleft wp-image-83885\" title=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27195%27%20height%3D%27248%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20195%20248%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27195%27%20height%3D%27248%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-content\/uploads\/MyFrenchLife\u2122-\u2013-MyFrenchLife.org-\u2013-Joan-of-Arc.png\" alt=\"MyFrenchLife\u2122 \u2013 MyFrenchLife.org \u2013 Joan of Arc\" width=\"195\" height=\"248\" \/><\/a>From <a href=\"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/2015\/08\/18\/who-were-the-french-suffragettes\/\">a suffragette\u2019s perspective<\/a>, this capacity to be all things to all people made her an uncomfortable fit as an icon of female solidarity.<\/p>\n<p>Although Joan of Arc achieved what should have been impossible for a woman in the 15th century, the world appears to have been sucked in by a mishmash of revisionist or distorted representations of her feats.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, today\u2019s feminists appear to have reassessed Joan as a symbol of women\u2019s emancipation and equal rights.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #d10a26;\">Joan of Arc: divine or mortal?<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>So\u2026 maybe she was just a mere mortal after all.<\/p>\n<p>Someone who believed in the now preposterous, but then powerful and universal belief in the divine right of kings.<\/p>\n<p>And in those fairies who apparently spoke to her\u2014but perhaps only from the bottom of the garden.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Do you think Joan of Arc is still a hero and an activist?<\/strong> We would love to hear your thoughts in the comments box below.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<address>Image credits<br \/>\n1. <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2b\/Ingres_coronation_charles_vii.jpg\/200px-Ingres_coronation_charles_vii.jpg\">Circular Joan portrait<\/a>, via Wikimedia.<br \/>\n2. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joan_of_Arc#\/media\/File:Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg\">Joan with sword<\/a>, via Wikimedia.<br \/>\n3. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joan_of_Arc#\/media\/File:Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_d%27Arc.jpg\">Joan at castle<\/a>, via Wikimedia.<br \/>\n4. <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6b\/Joan_of_Arc_on_horseback.png\">Joan on horseback<\/a>, via Wikimedia.<\/address>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who was Joan of Arc? Brush up on key life events and explore her role as a medieval feminist in fifteenth century France.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11467,"featured_media":83881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[1121,1119,1125,7182],"tags":[6679,213,6892,220,6959,237,6960,281,6961,1307,6962,1896,6963,3625,6964,3637,6985,4057,6986,4063,6987,4130,6988,4263,6989,4318,6990,4874,6991,6007,6992],"class_list":["post-83879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-society","category-reportage-and-societe","category-columns","category-perspectives","tag-feminist","tag-france","tag-france-middle-ages","tag-french","tag-activist","tag-french-history","tag-hero","tag-in-english","tag-enemy","tag-feminism","tag-women-in-politics","tag-napoleon","tag-charles-vii","tag-charles-de-gaulle","tag-catholic-church","tag-mark-twain","tag-female-solidarity","tag-brigitte-bardot","tag-female-emancipation","tag-national-symbol","tag-world-war-one","tag-joan-of-arc","tag-witchcraft","tag-female-leaders","tag-la-pucelle-dorleans","tag-rouen","tag-william-wordsworth","tag-marine-le-pen","tag-winston-churchill","tag-croix-de-lorraine","tag-jeanne-darc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11467"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83879\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theproject.com.au\/myfrenchlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}